At the end of the 19th century, Thomas Ava Edison invented a sound recording machine with a tinfoil format. Alexander Graham Bell took the idea one step further, invented a wax format and patented it. The manufacturing of gramophones didn’t pick up because of the resistance of stenographers, who were accustomed to recording spoken word via the use of shorthand. The game-changer for big tech at the time came in 1888 with Louis Glass’ nickel-in-the-slot ‘entertainment’ cylinders.